Solar Power

Earlier this year, the consortium of Sun Africa, MCA Solar Angola and Hitachi ABB Power Grids broke ground on 370 MW of solar PV projects in Angola. These are split across seven different facilities now under-construction, including the 188.88 MWdc Biopioa solar plant and the 96.70 MWdc Benguela solar plant. These are developed under a $650m integrated solar project that sees Sun Africa acting as developer while the MCA Group is the EPC contractor and Hitachi ABB Power Grids the original equipment manufacturer. The scheme benefits from a €560m export credit from Sweden and is also financed by K-Sure of South Korea and the Development Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA). The facilities will be mostly supplied by Swedish contractors, from substations to steel frameworks, with Hitachi ABB Power Grids in Sweden delivering 50% of the Swedish scope of work. The rest will come from NEXTracker’s facility in Fremont (California) and Sun Africa’s facility in Miami (Florida). But Sun Africa took its commitment to Angola a step further this week with the signing of a memorandum of understanding for the development of Africa’s largest mini-grid and rural electrification project at a cost of $1.5bn. The MoU was signed between Angolan Minister of Energy and Water João Baptista Borges during a roundtable organized by the US Chamber of Commerce, in the presence of Angolan President João Lourenço. The project targets increased electrification rates in the provinces of Namibe, Cuando Cubango, Huila and Cunene via the development of mini-grid solar systems and the construction of new substations. The U.S. Exim Bank is expected to provide the bulk of financing. According to the International Energy Agency, less than half of Angola’s population had access to electricity in 2019. While the country has so far mostly relied on hydropower and thermal sources of energy, it also has a high solar resource potential, and its average annual global radiation is estimated at between 1370 and 2100 kWh/m2/year. With this resource, Angolan authorities believe they could install a solar power generation capacity of 55,000 MW. Details on the Benguela and Biopio solar PV facilities are available in the “Projects” section within your Hawilti+ research terminal.

Globeleq has announced the completion of a ZAR 5.2 billion debt financing package for three of its renewable energy facilities in South Africa: the 138 MW Jeffreys Bay Wind Farm, and the 50 MW De Aar Solar and 50 MW Droogfontein Solar plants. The transaction falls under the Department of Mineral Resources and Energy’s (DMRE) Independent Power Producer Office (IPPO) Refinancing Protocol initiated in June 2020. The initiative works on a voluntary basis and targets IPPs from Bid Windows 1 to 3.5 of South Africa’s Renewable Energy Independent Power Procurement Programme (REIPPP). The initiative can include a wide range of options such as maintaining existing debt levels and structure but reducing margins; increasing existing debt levels; increasing debt tenor; converting Johannesburg Interbank Average Rate debt to Consumer Price Index debt; replacing reserve accounts with contingent facilities; replacing junior debt with senior debt introducing preference shares; and restructuring existing risk management strategy and hedging policies. Its end goal is to contribute to the lowering of the wholesale price of electricity. It had already resulting in South Africa’s largest infrastructure deal when the 50 MW Bokpoort CSP plant completed its refinancing in late 2020. The transaction had then created more favourable debt terms and effectively reduced the project’s cost of capital. Globeleq’s projects refinancing is the second transaction to be executed under the protocol. New financing structures effectively unlock reduced tariff to Eskom, which in turn directly impacts the cost of electricity for South African consumers. Globeleq’s refinancing operation, for which Absa acted as the mandated lead arranger and sole underwriter, will save ESKOM ZAR 1 billion in tariff reductions across the three assets over the remaining 12-year term of the power purchase agreements (PPAs). Details on REIPPP projects from Window 1 to 4 are available in the “Projects” section within your Hawilti+ research terminal.

While Africa constitutes 17% of the world’s population, it only accounts for 6% of global primary energy consumption, according to 2018 data from the International Energy Agency (IEA). However, the continent is recording an ever-greater demand for energy, to support continued growth for more than two decades, interrupted only by the Covid-19 pandemic. To date, nearly 600 million Africans do not have access to electricity and one billion of them have no other alternative than traditional fuels such as wood and charcoal for cooking. In the G5 Sahel countries (Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Chad and Mauritania), of the 80 million inhabitants, 60 million live without electricity and are lit with kerosene or dry batteries. The Sahel is one of the regions in the world with one of the lowest energy access rates at 26%, compared to 47% in sub-Saharan Africa, according to the World Bank. Energy inequalities can be measured at the global, regional and local levels. In fact, African rural areas remains plunged into darkness. In the “land of upright men”, only 5% of the rural population have access to electricity (compared to 18% nationally). The Sahel Alliance, which was created in 2017,to support regional development and stability through several projects (particularly energy), aims to double the rate of access to energy between 2017 and 2022. To support this objective, Burkina Faso can rely on its institutional partners. The country also uses public-private partnerships (PPP), investors and manufacturers, as is now the case with the long-standing agro-industrial partner Advens Géocoton, which has been present in Burkina Faso for seven decades … A French-British Deal “We are already supporting 65,000 farms which support nearly 650,000 Burkinabes”, explains Karim Ait Talb, Deputy CEO of Advens Géocoton. The country has become the strategic center of the group’s activities in the sub-region. It will also open a new cotton ginning plant, for an amount of 15 million euros by the end of the year, in Ouargaye in the province of Koulpélogo. To go further, the joint venture announced at the end of July by Bboxx and Advens Geocoton (at 50% each) has set itself the objective of providing clean energy to 2 million Burkinabes, at competitive prices. This project will create 500 local jobs. “These will not be precarious contracts. These will be contracts for salespeople, technicians, marketing specialists, call-center agents and logisticians,” explains Karim Ait Talb. The partnership between Advens and Bboxx is based on a French joint venture (JV) which will own a Burkinabè company. The JV will offer 3 kit formulas including a solar panel, a battery, a management device connected to the cellular network, light bulbs, a telephone charger, a radio (or even a television and a fan, in addition). Eventually, additional services such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cooking equipment or solar-powered water pumps will be available. “We offer ‘pay as you go’ formulas in urban and peri-urban areas, and monthly flat rates of around $5 per user in rural areas,” explains Karim Ait Talb. The solution is not revolutionary, but it is the after-sales service offered by Bboxx that makes all the difference in the eyes of Advens Geocoton. “We supervise a fragile population of agricultural producers and we have been looking for a solution for a while to improve their access to energy. However, it is not enough to install kits, it is still necessary to ensure their maintenance. This is precisely what Bboxx offers us through its Pulse platform, which offers real customer support,” he explains. Bboxx, the supplier of solar kits already operating in Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Kenya, but also in Togo (through a partnership with EDF), will benefit from the establishment of the French agro-industrial operator in the sub-region, to develop its activities there. “This market entry is the first in a series, and we have before us a pipeline of exciting activities as part of our mission to transform lives through access to energy,” said Mansoor Hamayun, CEO and co-founder of Bboxx. Finally, solutions supported by the joint venture should be deployed in rural areas of other countries in West and Central Africa.

On September 9, the U.S. Government’s Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) officially launched the $550 million MCC–Senegal Power Compact in Dakar. The five-year partnership had been signed since 2018 and will be completed by an additional $50 million commitment from the Government of Senegal. Investments will be made specifically in the strengthening of electricity networks in Dakar along with the boosting of electricity access in peri-urban and rural areas of the south and central regions. “The compact investment is designed to strengthen the power sector, by increasing reliability and access to electricity and aims to help the Government of Senegal establish a modern and efficient foundation upon which the nation’s power system can grow,” the MCC explains. The compact includes in fact three distinct projects: a $376.8m project to modernize and strengthen Senelec’s transmission network, a $57.3m project to increase access to electricity in rural and peri-urban areas, and a $43.5m reform and capacity building project to strengthen the country’s laws, policies and regulations governing the electricity sector. The strengthening of the state-utility’s transmission network will mobilise most of the company’s financing and target high-voltage transmission network in around around greater Dakar. It is notably expecting to pave the way for additional private sector investment in power generation in the future, including gas-to-power and renewable energy sources.   Beyond official support from the American government, Senegal has attracted several private American investors into its power sector. The 86.6 MW Cap des Biches power plant for instance was the result of an agreement between ContourGlobal and Senelec executed during the Africa Leaders’ Summit convened by President Barack Obama in 2014. Both companies worked to rehabilitate the former GTI Dakar power station and construct a new thermal facility that remains until today one of Senegal’s top performing power plants.

In more ways than one, the concept of energy transition makes no sense for African countries. The energy transition model by which fossil fuels were going to be replaced with renewable energy emerged out of developed countries, where low population growth and few incremental energy needs have paved the way for new planning strategies to reorganise the energy mix towards cleaner sources of electricity generation. For the same reason, the energy transition is mostly happening in countries where total energy supply and energy consumption has stabilised for over a decade. However, African countries are still under development and the continent counts over 600m people without access to electricity. Because of Africa’s continued demographic growth, the number of people without access to power is likely to rise. Lack of industrialisation along with uneven economic development means that Africa is also one of the world’s smallest carbon emitter. From a policy and development perspective, the priority will very much remain on adding as much power generation capacity as possible along with expanding electricity transmission and distribution infrastructure to lift people out of poverty. Before Africa can transition its energy mix, it needs to significantly expand and transform it. In doing so, renewable energy capacity will be growing, but not to the extent where it can replace existing electricity generation facilities. South Africa is the exception to the story. First, because its energy supply has remained more or less the same for a decade; its electricity consumption, for instance, has averaged 230 TWh a year for about ten years now, according to IEA data. South Africa is part of the G20, has started its demographic transition and has a relatively easy access to finance. Second, because well over 80% of the country’s electricity still comes from coal facilities, many of which are aging. A relatively stable electricity supply along with a heavy carbon-emitting electricity mix naturally paved the way for South Africa to transition its energy mix. South Africa’s energy transition strategy The country’s strategy is very much targeted at relying less on coal and more on solar, wind and gas. In fact, its 2019 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) provides for the decommissioning of over 24 GW of coal power sources within the next 10-30 years. Natural gas will become an energy fuel for the country, especially when it comes to converting some of its diesel and coal facilities. The country notably commissioned several power plants expected to run on gas but currently running on diesel: Ankerling (1,327 MW), Gourikwa (740 MW), Avon (670 MW), and Dedisa (335 MW). In the IRP of 2019, South Africa reiterated a long-standing commitment to natural gas, by reaffirming its ambition to convert the four stations to LNG or natural gas, and commission an additional 3,000 MW of greenfield gas-to-power capacity by 2030. Several such projects are already well advanced, including the conversion of the Ankerling and Gourikwa stations. But the real story of the past few years has been that of wind and solar. South Africa has become an undisputed renewable energy leader on the continent, attracting local and global investors from Europe, China, the Middle East and the Americas into its now famous Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (REIPPPP). From 2012 to 2015, South Africa awarded 6.3 GW of renewable energy capacity via windows 1, 2, 3, 3.5 and 4. Thousands of jobs were created, while attracting billions on foreign direct investment. While the projects from Window 4 are just reaching commissioning stage, South Africa just closed its Risk Mitigation IPP Procurement Programme (RMIPPPP), awarding another 2 GW of projects in March 2021. And this is only the beginning for the country’s clean energy sector. The need to ensure reliable and affordable energy supply post Covid-19 has accelerated the timeline of the future REIPPPP windows. Window 5 is currently underway with winners expected to be announced by the end of the year. Meanwhile, Window 6 is expected to be launched this year to announce the winners in May 2022, while Window 7 would be launched in 2022 to that winners are awarded in Q3 of the same year. Finally, South Africa is also planning a storage and gas-specific windows, with the former launched in November this year while the latter would see its request for proposal issued in Q1 2022.